Natural languages are spoken, signed, or both however, any language can be encoded into secondary media using auditory, visual, or tactile stimuli – for example, writing, whistling, signing, or braille.
Precise estimates depend on an arbitrary distinction (dichotomy) being established between languages and dialects. Human languages have the properties of productivity and displacement, and rely on social convention and learning.Įstimates of the number of human languages in the world vary between 5,000 and 7,000. Human language is not dependent on a single mode of transmission (sight, sound, etc.) and is highly variable between cultures and across time. Many languages, including the most widely-spoken ones, have writing systems that enable sounds or signs to be recorded for later reactivation. Languages are the primary means of communication of humans, and can be conveyed through spoken, sign, or written language. The structure of a language is its grammar and the free components are its vocabulary. A language is a structured system of communication.
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